Apparatus for controlling the ring rail movement of a ring twisting machine



F. GRAF APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE RING RAIL MOVEMENT OF April 12, 1966 r A RING TWISTING MACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 12, 1962 INVENTOR fEz IX @RAF Fig.

April 12, 1966 F. GRAF 3,245,215

' APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE RING RAIL MOVEMENT OF A RING TWISTING' MACHINE Filed D80. 12, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 F; .2 9 lag am 9" L aqz, H s V Fig.3

t l/MA i INVENTOR. fez/x 6RAF firm may April 12, 1966 F, GRAF 3,245,215

- APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE RING RAIL MOVEMENT OF A RING TWISTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 12, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet :s

JNVENTOR.

fa 1x @RA F H770R Ey United States Patent APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE RING RAIL MOVEMENT OF A RING TWISTING MACHINE Felix Graf, Winterthur, Switzerland, assignor to Maschinenfabrik Rieter A.G., Winterthur, Switzerland Filed Dec. 12, 1962, Ser. No. 244,109 Claims priority, application skvgiztzerland, Feb. 26, 1962,

9 6 Claims. (Cl. 57-99) This invention relates to textile ring twisting machines.

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved method of winding filament packages on ring twisting machines having a plurality of rotatable spindles, a ring placed around each spindle and being traversed up and down, each ring guiding a ring traveller which begins to move around the respective spindle simultaneously with the starting of filament supply for winding waste windings and a package on the spindle, the improved method including winding knotting windings of equal lengths on all spindles, winding a small number of very steep windings prior to the winding of the knotting windings and winding a small number of very steep windings after winding the knotting windings and before winding the package proper.

In an improvement of the winding method according to the invention a small number of very steep windings are wound on an end bulge zone at one end of the filament package and an end bulge is wound upon said steep windings. If desired, after winding said end bulge, the filament may be wound in a few very steep windings to reach the opposite end of the package and a second end bulge may be wound on said last mentioned very steep windings at the second end of the package.

The pitch of the knotting windings is preferably very small and the knotting windings are wound at opposite inclinations. The pitch of the knotting windings may be decreased in a damped manner.

An object of the invention is to provide an electro-hydraulic control of the ring rail movement of a ring twisting machine, particularly for a stretching and twisting machine, for treating strands of continuous filaments whose continuous filaments are subjected to a stretching process to increase their strength and are then twisted before they are wound.

Stretching and twisting machines in which the ring rail is raised and lowered by means of heart cam and lever mechanisms are already known. These known macines have a number of serious disadvantages. Thus, for example, although the level of the winding stroke can be altered, the height of the stroke itself cannot be adapted to the requirements of a particular operation, so that there is a serious restriction in the choice of the type of winding and the construction of the package. Another disadvantage is that the speed at which the ring rail is raised and lowered can be adapted to particular operating conditions only by interchanging gear wheels or by making use of some supplementary mechanism which considerably complicates the construction of the machine and increases the cost. Moreover, an attachment for knotting the thread, which is fixed to the bottom of a bobbin sleeve while the ring rail is at a standstill for a short time, cannot be applied over a fixed width if the ring rail movement is controlled by mechanical means.

There are also known hydraulic mechanisms for moving the ring rail which generally consist of pistons working in cylinders and directly coupled with the ring rail. The movement of these pistons is controlled and reversed by an electro-magnetically actuated multi-way valve. The electro-magnets are actuated by limit switches attached to the framework of the machine and acting through linkages connected with the ring rail. Like the mechani- "ice cal systems, these hydraulic systems have the great disadvantage that with the rapid reversal of movement of the heavy ring rail which is required nowadays in stretching and twisting machines, the movement cannot be carried out smoothly at the end of the raising and lowering movement; consequently, vibrations are superimposed on one another and build up near the upper and lower reversal points, and this leads to the formation of ridges on the cops.

The known hydraulic mechanisms for moving ring rails are only provided with means to ensure the raising and lowering of the ring rail at uniform speed at the beginning and end of the process of winding a cop, and this leads to difliculties in the subsequent treatment of the cop, because the windings on the cop follow a stepped path so that the thread cannot be drawn off smoothly. Furthermore, the end piece which is wound on to the cop at the end of the winding process consists of a number of windings varying within wide limits, which again is not desirable for the subsequent treatment of the cop.

The disadvantages do not occur in the electro-hydraulic system according to the present invention. According to the invention there is provided an electro-hydraulic device for controlling the movement of a ring rail of a textile ring twisting machine, comprising a working cylinder, a piston displaceable in the cylinder, a piston rod for transmitting movement from the piston to the ring rail, ducts leading into the working cylinder on opposite sides of the piston, a reversing valve connected to said ducts, a liquid supply pump connected to the reversing valve, a reflux duct connected to the reversing valve, a governor connected with the reflux duct for adjusting the return flow of liquid, and a valve for bridging the governor and connected in parallel with the governor which valve is opened at the beginning and at the end of a winding operation of the machine.

The electro-hydraulic control may have a stop valve which is actuated by the ring rail and interrupts the flow of liquid for a certain time, the valve being connected in a duct whose inflow of liquid displaces the working piston. The stop valve is advantageously arranged in the duct in which the liquid is supplied to the cylinder during the upward movement of the ring rail, because in this case oscillations of the ring rail are produced at the beginning of the closure of the stop valve which oscillations secure the end of the thread moving upward from the waste bulge at the lower end of the cop. The stop valve may then be bridged over by a supply rate governor adjustable to a low rate of through-flow for the purpose of producing a broad connecting bulge.

In the accompanying drawings:

"FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram of a mechanism for moving a ring rail,

FIGURES 2, 3 and 4 illustrate as a function of time the various raising and lowering movements of the ring rail for forming a cop,

FIGURE 5 is a detail thereof,

FIGURES 6, 7 and 8 are diagrams of electric circuits for carrying out raising and lowering movements in accordance with the programmes illustrated in FIGURES 2 to 4.

In the arrangement illustrated in FIGURE 1, a ring rail 2 containing spinning rings 1 (only one of which is shown in FIGURE 1) is moved up and down by oscillating toggle levers 3 mounted on fixed pivots 4. Each of these toggle levers has a roller "3' or 3" at one end, the vertically moving ring rail 2 being supported on these rollers. The oscillation is imparted to the toggle levers 3 by a piston rod 5 of a piston 6 which is reciprocated by liquid in a working cylinder 7. The piston 6 is controlled by a reversing valve 8 by way of ducts 9 and 10 connected to the ends of cylinder 7. A magnetic armature surrounded by two separate solenoids 13 and 14 which are energised by limit switches 16 and 17 respectively is arranged on a piston rod 12 provided with a damping plate 11. These limit switches 16 and 17 are connected to two separate linkages 21 and 2t), respectively, each of which is controlled by a removable cam disc 19 and 18, respectively. These switches are moved up and down according to the type of package to be produced, each of the cam discs 18 and 19 being driven by its own variable speed motor M and M respectively. By suitable choice of the cam discs 18 and 19 and adjustment of the speed of the motors M and M it is possible to produce any type of ring rail movement and therefore any type of package. A switching rod 22 is rigidly connected with the ring rail 2 and participates in its upward and downward movement. The rod 22 is connected with a cam 23 and actuates the limit switches 16 and 17 and also a switch 24 for knotting the thread, the switch 24 being connected with a solenoid 25 of a stop valve 26 which is situated in the duct 10 and open when no current flows and is bridged over by a supply rate governor 26 which can be adjusted to zero or to small quantities. The valve 26 has an armature 26.

As seen in FIG. 1, the switch 17 is in its lowest position and the switch 24 whose elevation is fixed is always below the switch 17.

The hydraulic system comprises a tank 27 for liquid and a conveyor pump 28 which is driven by a motor M and which supplies actuating liquid to the reversing valve 8 through a duct 29. Associated with the conveyor pump 28, is an excess pressure valve 30 connected in parallel, a high speed valve 32 arranged in a reflux duct 31 and a flow rate governor 33 arranged in parallel for adjusting the rate of return fiow and hence the speed of raising and lowering of the ring rail in normal operation. A sleeve 34 on the spindle carries a cop 35 which is in the process of being built up. To facilitate further work on the cop, a terminal bulge 36 is formed at the top and a bulge 37 at the bottom for connecting the thread by a knot. Further down, on the spindle itself, there is a waste bulge 38 which is formed at the beginning of the winding process with unstretched material which is to be excluded from subsequent treatment processes, and this bulge is removed from the spindle from time to time by the operator. When the upper terminal bulge 36 has been wound, a number of windings can be wound on the waste bulge 38 (for further details see FIGUR-ES 4 and 8). The elevation of the waste bulge 38 which is formed with the ring rail in its lowest position depends entirely on the position of an adjustment nut 39 on the cylinder 7, which represents a mechanical stop for the piston rod. The terminal bulge 36, which is also necessary and which is formed at the end of the winding process, is formed when the ring rail is in its uppermost position which is determined by the position of a fork 40' secured by a lock nut 40. The position of the fork 40 may be adjusted by turning the piston rod 5. In the lowest position of the ring rail, the lock nut 40 comes into contact with the adjustment nut 39 whose position determines the elevation of the waste bulge 38.

The reversing valve 8 consists of a three-step piston 41 which controls the inflow and outflow of the fluid to and from the ends of the cylinder 7 through the ducts 9, 10. A vessel 42 which is open at the top and has a constricted zone 43 in the middle and is filled with con trol fluid contains the piston rod 12 together with the damping plate 11 which is in the constricted zone when in the neutral position in which the movement of the piston 6 is reversed. The purpose of the damping plate 11 is to suppress the oscillations shown in FIG. 2 and occurring at the upper and lower ends of the winding. FIG- URE 3 shows the effect of the damping means 11, 43. The program of movement for the ring rail shown in FIG- URE 2 begins at the lower mechanical starting position UMA, in which the ring rail remains during the period t t of starting the machine. This is followed by a rise of the ring rail at high speed until the switch 24 for the knotting bulge 37 is actuated. Thereafter the ring rail 2 is kept at a standstill by a time relay 49 (FIGS. 6-8) until the time t when there is again a rapid rise until the slower normal movement is initiated by a switch 54 whose elevation is fixed. The rapid rise over the sleeve 34 when the latter is still empty results in a very small number of steep windings which subsequently make it easier to draw the thread off the spool. When a predetermined length of material has been wound for a given time during the operation of the machine at normal speed and the cop or package 35 has thereby been built up, a counting mechanism 44 (see FIG. 6) effects formation of the terminal or end bulge 36 (time t which may, if necessary, cause the ring rail to descend again to the lower limit switch 17 at the normal speed and then cause it to rise to the level of the switch 54 again at the normal speed (time t and this switch then initiates the rapid rise at a time t and interrupts the spindle drive at the time t in such a manner that after reaching the upper mechanical stop OMA at the time t and until the spindles are stopped at t the same number of windings are applied each time to the terminal bulge 36 (t t =constant) FIGURE 3 shows in principle the same program of movement up to the time but the switch 54 switches to high speed for downward movement of the spindle rail at the time 1 i.e. after a delay period so that a small number of windings are applied to the cop until the lower mechanical stop UMA is reached at the time t whereupon a terminal or end bulge is applied until the spindle comes to rest completely at the time i In FIGURE 4, a terminal bulge is applied at UMA in addition to the terminal bulge at OMA by rapidly 10W- ering the spindle rail 2 completely at the time t and then stopping the spindle at the time t This can only be done if the spindle rail has reached UMA before the time t The corresponding electrical connections by means of which these programs are produced are illustrated in FIG- URES 6, 7 and 8 and are hereinafter described in more detail.

FIGURE 5 shows the effect of the supply rate governor 26". When this governor allows a small quantity to flow through, there will be a slight ascent of the ring rail (broken line) in spite of the fact that the stop valve 26 is closed, and the result of this is that the connecting or knotting bulge will have a certain width, which is often desirable in practice. FIGURE 5 is an enlargement of the part of the diagram FIG. 4 in the zone of the connecting bulge. When the stop valve 26 in the duct 10 is closed, an impulse wave is produced in the duct 10. This Wave is transmitted through the piston 6 on to the ring rail 2 which then executes a damped oscillation as shown in 'FIGURE 5. Such oscillations would occur at the reversal points in the normal process of building up the package if the damping plate 11 in the vessel 42 were omitted, but in this case they are desirable because when the thread has been severed at 56 (FIG. 5) below the connecting bulge before the spool is drawn off, the free end of the thread is not easily unwound because it is held by the windings formed over it as a result of the oscillation.

The circuit diagram in FIGURE 6 corresponds to the program of movement illustrated in FIGURE 2. When the machine starts up and the spindles are set in operation by the motor M the ring rail 2 is situated on the lower mechanical stop UMA. When the manually operated starting button 45 is pressed, current flows through the magnet 45' and the armature 46 is energized and the sequence switch 47 is turned by one notch into the starting position (shown in broken lines) whereby a voltage is applied to a starting bus-bar 48. The motors M M and M are thereby started in addition to the pump motor M which is already in operation for putting the hydraulic system into a condition of readiness (time t At the same time, the time relay 49 energizes the solenoid 14 at the time t by closing a switch 50, whereby the reversing valve 8 is set for lifting and a voltage is supplied to the solenoid 51 of the high speed valve 32 through the conductor 52 for opening the valve. When the ring rail reaches the switch 24 as it moves at high speed, the switch is closed, and the stop valve 26 is closed by means of the solenoid 25. At the time t the time relay 53 opens the circuit and the stop valve 26 is opened by spring pressure. The ring rail 2 again rises rapidly until it actuates a switch 54 arranged at a certain elevation, and this establishes connection with a bus-bar 55 for normal operation through the magnet 45 of the sequence switch 47. No more energy is now supplied to the solenoid 51 of the high speed valve 32, and the ring rail continues its ascent at normal speed until it reaches the limit switch 16 and closes it and sets the reversing Valve 8 to descent until it reaches the lower limit switch 17. From then on, it moves up and down, reversed in direction alternately by the limit switches 16 and 17 the elevation of which is adjusted 'by the program motors M and M through the cams 18 and 19, depending on the desired type of winding. When the counting element 44 has run down, i.e. when the desired length of filament has been wound on to the spool, the switch 57 of the counting mechanism 44 is closed. Nothing happens then until the ring rail actuates the switch 54 and the sequence switch 47 is brought to the end bulge forming position whereby the reversing valve 8 is immediately moved into the position of descent by the end bulge busbar 58 and the conductor 59. At the time t the switches 61, 62 and 63 are operated by a time relay 60, as a result of which current flows through the solenoids 14 and 51, and the ring rail is rapidly raised. As the limit switch 16 is actuated but transmits no current, so that the movement is not reversed as in normal operation, the ring rail continues on its movement until it reaches the upper has been switched to the end bulge bus-bar 58, the supply of energy to the motors M M and M is also cut oif, so that the spindles of the machine are brought -to a standstill at the time t This, however, still enables a sufficient number of turns to be wound on to the tip of the sleeve 34 to form the end bulge 36 after the mechanical stop OMA has been reached and before the spindle is brought to a complete standstill. In practice, it is necessary always -to have the same number of windings for all the operations at the tip of the sleeve so that the operation will always be stopped at the same point in time. For this reason, the command stop is stored after the counting mechanism 44 has been released, until the switch 54 is actuated by the ring rail on its downward path. For a particular operation of the machine, the switch 54 is fixed in position on the framework of the machine. When the upper end bulge 36 has been formed, the spools are changed in the normal manner and the ring rail is lowered by manual control so that the sequence of operations begins again from the lower mechanical stop UMA.

The program of movement shown in FIGURE 3 differs from the one shown in FIGURE 2 by the fact that the end bulge is formed at the bottom in the region of the waste bulge 38. This means that instead of the ring tr-ail being raised to the upper mechanical stop OMA after the time t it is lowered to the lower stop UMA. The circuit diagram is altered accordingly, as shown in FIG- URE 7. The ascending ring rail 2 actuates the switch 54 which activates the end bulge bus bar 58 through the sequence switch 47 and thereby reverses the ring rail movement through the conductor 64. At the same time, the time relay 60 begins to operate and at the time t it switches on to high speed through the switch 63. As the time of operation 4, is known or so designed in ad- 6 Vance that the spindles will still be rotating When the ring rail has already reached the lower stop UMA (time t an end bulge consisting of a few turns of the thread will be formed at the bottom.

In the program of movement shown in FIGURES 4 and 8, the formation of the upper end bulge 36 in accordance with the first variation is followed by a rapid descent to the lower mechanical stop UMA. The corresponding circuit diagram FIGURE 8 requires the following explanation: at the start of the operation of the time relay 6% (t which switches to lifting and rapid at the time t a time relay which is connected in parallel also comes into operation and at the time i it switches over from lifting to lowering by means of the switches 66 and 67. This causes the ring rail to descend to the mechanical stop UMA with the result that a helical steeply inclined winding is produced on the finished cop, and in addition a small reserve winding is wound on at the bottom.

The switch 54 is actuated whenever it is passed by the element 23, but is effective only when there is current in the starting bus-bar 48 or in the end bulge'busbar 58. The switch 54 becomes effective when, after starting, the quick ascent of the ring rail changes to normal winding operation and when, after actuation of the switch 57 by the counter 44, the normal winding program changes to end bulge formation. The switch 54 must be so placed as to be always below the lowest position of the switch 16 because, otherwise, the normal winding program cannot be changed to the end bulge forming program.

What is claimed is:

1. An electro-hydraulic control for the movement of a ring-rail of a textile ring twisting machine comprising a working cylinder, a working piston which can reciprocate in said working cylinder, a piston rod connected to said piston for transmitting motion to said ring rail, ducts leading into said working cylinder on opposite sides of said piston, a reversing valve connected to said ducts, a liquid supply tank, a pump connected with said supply tank and said reversing valve for supplying liquid to said reversing valve and thence to said working cylinder, a reflux duct connected with said supply tank and said reversing valve, a supply rate governor in said reflux duct, a second valve connected in parallel with said governor and adapted when opened to bridge said governor, and means for opening said second valve at the beginning and at the end of a winding operation of said machine for increasing the speed of movement of said ring-rail at the beginning and at the end of the winding operation.

2. A control as claimed in claim 1 in which said reversing valve comprises a controlpiston movable to direct liquid to either one of the sides of said working piston thereby to cause said ring rail to move up or down, a magnetic armature, a first solenoid associated with said armature connected to said control piston and adapted when energized to cause said ring rail to rise, a second solenoid associated with said armature and adapted when energized to cause said ring rail to descend, a time relay for delaying energizing said first solenoid at the beginning of a winding operation, a lower limit switch operable by movement of said ring rail to energize said first solenoid during normal operation of said machine, a counting mechanism, a first intermediate switch operable by said counting mechanism at the end of a winding operation, a second intermediate switch in series relation with said first intermediate switch and positioned above said lower limit switch and operable by said ring rail to energize said first solenoid, a time relay for retarding the effect of said second intermediate switch, and an upper limit switch operable by said ring rail to energize said second solenoid during normal winding, said second intermediate switch being positioned beneath said upper limit switch and operable by said ring rail to energize said second solenoid at the end of the winding operation.

3. In a textile ring twisting machine provided with a ring rail, an electro-hydraulic control comprising a working cylinder, a working piston which can reciprocate in said working cylinder, a piston rodconnected to said piston for transmitting motion to said ring rail, ducts leading into said working cylinder on opposite sides of said piston, a reversing valve connected to said ducts, a liquid supply tank, a pump connected with said supply tank and said reversing valve for supplying liquid to said reversing valve and thence to said working cylinder, a reflux duct connected with said supply tank and said reversing valve, a supply rate governor in said reflux duct, a high speed valve connected in parallel with said governor for the purpose of bridging over said governor, means for opening said high speed valve at the beginning and at the end of a winding operation of said machine, and a stop valve connected with said working cylinder and operable by movement of said ring rail to interrupt the flow of liquid to said working cylinder for a period of time.

4. In a machine as claimed in claim 3 a control in which said reversing valve comprises a control piston, a vessel adapted to contain liquid and provided with an internal constricted portion and a damping plate located in said vessel and connected with said control piston, said damping plate having an area slightly less than that of said constricted portion.

5. A textile ring twisting machine including a ring rail, a plurality of spindles, a main motor for driving said spindles, and an electro-hydraulic means for controlling the movement of said ring rail, the said control means comprising a working cylinder, a working piston which can reciprocate in said working cylinder, a piston rod connected to said piston for transmitting motion to said ring rail, ducts leading into said working cylinder on opposite sides of said piston, a reversing valve connected to said ducts, a liquid supply tank, a pump connected with said supply tank and said reversing valve for supplying liquid to said reversing valve and thence to said working cylinder, a reflux duct connected with said supply tank and said reversing valve, a supply rate governor in said reflux duct, a bridging valve connected in parallel with said governor, a solenod operatively connected with said bridging 'valve for opening said valve when energized, said solenoid being operable by means associated with said main motor to energize said solenoid at the beginning of a Winding operation, a switch operable by said ring rail to energize said solenoid at the end of a winding operation, and a time relay for retarding said switch.

6. A textile ring twisting machine including a ring rail, a plurality of spindles, a. main motor for driving said spindles, and an electro-hydraulic means for controlling the movement of said ring rail, the said control means comprising a working cylinder, a working piston which can reciprocate in said working cylinder, a piston rod connected to said piston for transmittingmotion to said ring rail, ducts leading into said working cylinder on opposite sides of said piston, a reversing valve connected to said ducts, a liquid supply tank, a pump connected with said supply tank and said reversing valve for supplying liquid to said reversing valve and thence to said working cylinder, a reflux duct connected with said supply tank and said reversing valve, a supply rate governor in said reflux duct, a bridging valve connected in parallel with the said governor, a solenoid operatively connected with said bridging valve for opening said valve when energized, said solenoid operable by means associated with said main motor to energize said solenoid at the beginning of a winding operation, a switch operable by said ring rail to energize said solenoid at the end of a winding operation, a time relay for retarding said switch, second and third solenoids adapted when energized to operate said reversing valve for determining the side of said working piston to which liquid is supplied, switch means for energizing said second solenoid to cause said ring rail to rise, switch means for energizing said third solenoid to cause said ring rail to descend, a stop valve through which liquid passes during its travel from said reversing valve to one side of said working piston, means tending to open said stop valve, a fourth solenoid adapted, when energized, to close said stop valve against the action of said opening means, switch means responsive to the position of the ring rail for energizing said fourth solenoid, and delay means for retarding opening of said switch means of said fourth solenoid for temporarily arresting movement of the ring rail.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,575,031 11/1951 Smith 242-261 2,575,385 11/1951 Killoran 242-261 2,647,698 8/ 1953 Woolley 242-261 3,042,326 7/1962 Lamb et al. -1 242-263 3,096,611 7/1963 Heiberg 57-156 3,097,475 7/ 1963 Hooper et al. 57-99 3,106,056 10/1963 Wise 57-156 FOREIGN PATENTS 626,177 7/ 1949 Great Britain.

MERVIN STEIN, Primary Examiner. 

1. AN ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC CONTROL FOR THE MOVEMENT OF A RING-RAIL OF A TEXTILE RING TWISTING MACHINE COMPRISING A WORKING CYLINDER, A WORKING PISTON WHICH CAN RECIPROCATE IN SAID WORKING CYLINDER, A PISTON ROD CONNECTED TO SAID PISTON FOR TRANSMITTING MOTION TO SAID RING RAIL, DUCTS LEADING INTO SAID WORKING CYLINDER ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF SAID PISTON, A REVERSING VALVE CONNECTED WITH SAID DUCTS, A LIQUID SUPPLY TANK, A PUMP CONNECTED WITH SAID SUPPLY TANK AND SAID REVERSING VALVE FOR SUPPLYING LIQUID TO SAID REVERSING VALVE AND THENCE TO SAID WORKING CYLINDER, A REFLUX DUCT CONNECTED WITH SAID SUPPLY TANK AND SAID REVERSING VALVE, A SUPPLY RATE GOVERNOR IN SAID REFLUX DUCT, A SECOND VALVE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL WITH SAID GOVERNOR AND ADAPTED WHEN OPENED TO BRIDGE SAID GOVERNOR, AND MEANS FOR OPENING SAID SECOND VALVE AT THE BEGINNING AND AT THE END OF A WINDING OPERATION OF SAID MACHINE FOR INCREASING THE SPEED OF MOVEMENT OF SAID RING-RAIL AT THE BEGINNING AND AT THE END OF THE WINDING OPERATION. 